一、为什么他们选择相同的职业：东市盲校的学生生活

　　倪 震

　　摘要：本文以“东市盲校几乎所有的中学生持有相同的职业选择”这一现象为出发点，利用11个月中对该校的5次访问及在校观察的机会，对形成这种现象的原因进行研究。该项研究采用的是定性研究方法，通过访谈和观察收集资料，归纳生成两条理论：(1)东市盲校的特点决定了该校学生获得信息的方式;(2)获取信息的方式引导学生们做出相同的职业选择。

　　关键词：信息获取方式  职业选择  隔离封闭

　　Why Did they Choose the Same Occupation? A Case Study of the Students’ Life in Dongshi School for the Blind

　　Ni Zhen

　　Abstract: In Dongshi School for the Blind almost all junior high school students had the same Occupation, which was to get employed for massage service. This reveals the very few work opportunities for people with visual disabilities in China. This paper analyses this phenomenon with findings from field research carried out over an 11-month period in 2012 and 2013. 30 students, teachers and managers at Dongshi School were interviewed. A qualitative approach was adopted; semi-structured interviews and observations were taken as methods for data collection. Two conclusions were drawn: (1) Features of Dongshi School for the Blind determined students’ access to information; (2) The information access resulted in the uniform career plans.

　　Key words: Access to Information; Occupation; Isolation Segregation

 

　　二、公共部门带头招录残障人士的实证研究及政策建议

　　刘小楠 谢  斌

　　摘要：公共部门应该带头招录残障人士，这是公共部门的性质决定的，同时也是国际公约的要求以及国外的普遍做法。本文以申请政府信息公开和访谈两种方式进行调查，发现目前我国公共部门在招录残障人士方面不仅没有给私人部门作出表率，而且很多单位没有完成《残疾人就业条例》要求的雇用残障人士的最低配额。为消除制度歧视，应该建立残障人士公务员特考制度，提供无障碍考试环境;明确监管责任，严格执法;加强司法救济和赔偿等。

　　关键词：公共部门  招录  残障人士

　　A Study on the Recruitment of Persons with Disabilities in the Public Sector

　　Liu Xiaonan  Xie Bin

　　Abstract: The public sector should take the lead in recruiting persons with disabilities, as they are paid by the public budget and shall strictly follow Chinese laws like the Employment Promotion Law and other administrative regulations, and also the requirements of the Convention on The Rights of Persons with Disabilities which China has ratified. Through accessing governmental information on public sector recruitment figures and conducting interviews among persons with disabilities and public servants, this paper argues that the public sector in China fails to set a good example to other employers, and they even fail to comply with the minimum quota requirement for hiring persons with disabilities set forth under the Disability Employment Ordinance. The paper recommends that the following steps are taken in order to eliminate systematic discrimination in the public sector; establishing accessible civil service examinations for persons with disabilities; providing clear regulatory responsibilities for the public sector, and strictly enforce the laws on equal employment; and strengthening judicial remedies and compensation in discrimination cases.

　　Key words:Public Sector; Recruitment; Persons with Disabilities

 

　　三、残障人就业权利法律保障体系若干问题探析

　　———以 S 省为例

　　冼志勇

　　摘要：本文以S省为例，从立法、司法、行政、法治宣传等维度探析残障人就业权利的法律保障体系，并尝试从完善保障残障人平等就业的法律体系、增强司法救济手段、健全行政执法机制、加强残障人社会组织的促进与倡导作用、强化反残障就业歧视的社会氛围等层面构建残障人就业权利的法律保障体系。

　　关键词：残疾人  就业权利  法律保障

　　On the Protection of the Employment Rights of Persons with Disabilities

　　Xian Zhiyong

　　Abstract: This paper analyses the employment rights for persons with disabilities in S province based on the official statistics from the legislative, judicial, administrative, and public legal education dimensions. It argues thatthe employment rights of persons with disabilities can be improved in all these areas: perfecting the legal system to ensure the right to equal employment, improving the means of judicial remedy, enhancing the administrative enforcement mechanisms, strengthening the role of civil society organizations in rights protection and advocacy, and fostering a social atmosphere of anti-discriminationagainst persons of disabilities.

　　Key words: Persons with Disabilities; Employment-Rights; Legal Protection

 

　　四、肢体残障学生在普通高校平等接受教育的调查研究

　　———以新疆A大学为例

　　阿力江·依明

　　摘要：本文采用问卷调查法、访谈法和实地考察法的方式，对新疆A大学肢体残障学生的基本情况、学校对其相应的无障碍环境状况和普通学生对其的认识程度进行了调查研究。结果发现，普通学生对在校的肢体残障学生持比较正面的态度，同时学校的无障碍环境建设比较滞后。本文在调查研究的基础上，对此进行了原因分析，并提出了相应对策。

　　关键词：平等教育  肢体残障学生  残障人高等教育权利

　　An Inquiry into Physically Disabled Students’ Equal Access to Higher Education: Taking A University in Xinjiang as an Example

　　Alijan Emin

　　Abstract: This paper combines the methodologies of questionnaires, interviews and field study to look into the situation of physically disabled students at a university of Xinjiang from the human rights perspective provided by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It also assesses to what extent the physical environment of the University is accessible, as well as the level of awareness of the needs of students and staff with disabilities amongst able - bodied students. The result shows that ordinary students are very positive and understanding of the needs of those who are physically disabled, however, the physical environment of the university lags far behind the needs of the students with disabilities. Based on the survey and summery, this paper explores the reasons for this and presents some recommendations on how to improve the situation.

　　Key words:Equal Education; Physically Disabled Students; Right to Higher Education

 

　　五、略论基础教育与视障人维权

　　———从内蒙古部分地区视障人基础教育谈起

　　叶子劼

　　摘要：目前，基础教育落后是制约我国视障人事业发展，影响视障人权利意识和维权行动的重要因素。本文从内蒙古部分地区的视障人基础教育入手，分析了内蒙古自治区及类似区域的视障人基础教育现状和面临的困难。在此基础上探讨了基础教育对视障人权利意识、维权行动的影响，并提出了一些加强视障人基础教育，促进视障人权利意识和维权行动的建议。

　　关键词：视障人  基础教育  权利意识  维权

　　On the Primary Education and the Rights Protection of the Visually Impaired People:

　　A Case Study from Inner Mongolia

　　Ye Zijie

　　Abstract: This paper analyses the current situation of primary education for visually impaired students in Inner Mongolia based on the author’s experience as a middle school teacher with visual disabilities. It looks at the barriers many students face in accessing education, and how these barriers negatively influence their awareness and protection of their right to education. It also provides some advices on how primary education of visually impaired people can be improved, and suggests strategies for awareness rising of educational rights and how to protect rights.

　　Key words: Visually Impaired People; Primary Education; Awareness of Rights; Rights Protection

 

　　六、残障儿童教育：赋权增能与支持服务研究

　　何  侃

　　摘要：本文深入分析《世界残障报告》并探讨“残障”理念变革、模式重构、权利保障等基本问题，反思我国残障儿童义务教育和早期教育中特殊教育的问题，从赋权增能和支持服务相结合的角度，初步探讨了我国残障儿童特殊教育的政策架构及行动策略，指出融合环境与支持服务是残障儿童教育发展的基调，其特征是公平性、长效性与规模化、多样化。

　　关键词：《世界残障报告》  残障儿童  特殊教育  赋权增能

　　A Study of Empowerment and Supportive Services in Education for Children with Disabilities in China

　　He Kan

　　Abstract:This paper reviews the World Report on Disability issued in 2011 by UN to enhance the implementation of the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It explores the conceptual change,model reconstruction, and rights protection issues of disability ,with a particular emphasis on education for children with disabilities. It reflects the problems of special education in the compulsory and early education for children with disabilities in China and explores the policy structure and strategies from the perspective of empowerment and supportive service. It concludes that the basis of education for children with disabilities should be inclusive environment and supportive service featured with equality, sustainability, and systemization and diversity.

　　Key words: World Disabled Report; Children; Special Education; Empowerment

 

　　七、我国残障儿童受教育权保障的检视与反思

　　白荣梅 王   静

　　摘要：儿童受教育权对于儿童成长和其他基本权利的实现具有决定性意义，“残疾儿童应在与其他儿童平等的基础上充分享有一切人权和基本自由”。本文在对北京、呼和浩特等公立学校的数据分析、实地调查研究的基础上，检视了我国残障儿童受教育权保障的历史与现状，并提出了完善建议。

　　关键词：残障儿童  受教育权  反思

　　Reflections on the Right to Education of Children with Disabilities

　　Bai Rongmei  Wang Jing

　　Abstract: The right to education is essential for children’s development and enjoying other fundamental rights, as stated in the Convention on The Rights of Persons with Disability “Children with disabilities should fully enjoy all of the fundamental human rights and liberties as equally as other children.” This paper analyzes the history and current situation of the education of children with disabilities in China by means of statistics, surveys and interviews in the public schools in Hohhot and Beijing. It concludes with some suggestions for how to ensure equal opportunities to education for all children with disabilities and improve the quality of the existing public education system for them.

　　Key words:Children with Disabilities; Right to Education; Reflection

 

　　八、通过社会工作增进精神障碍者个人自主的深圳实践

　　———以《残疾人权利公约》为指引的质性研究

　　陈  博   黄士元

　　摘要：本文以国际人权法视角考察了精神障碍者个人自主在《残疾人权利公约》中的渊源，介绍了中国成年监护制度的现状以及协助决策制度的概念与要求。本文的质性研究还将指出，深圳的社会工作者如何在“案主自决”原则的指引下通过介入精神障碍者家庭关系，限制家长权威，增进精神障碍者的个人自主，以期提供一种在制度现状下通过推广社工实践履行中国作为《残疾人权利公约》缔约国义务的方案。在此基础上，对未来的相关研究与公共政策提出了若干期望。

　　关键词：精神障碍者  协助决策  案主自决  家长权威

　　Promoting the Autonomy of Persons with Mental Disabilities through Social Worker’s Intervention:

　　A Qualitative Study Guided by the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities

　　Chen Bo  Huang Shiyuan

　　Abstract:This paper examines the concept of “ autonomy of persons with psycho - social disabilities” as stated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ( CRPD ) from the perspective of international human rights law, and gives a brief introduction to the system of adult guardianship in China and the concept of “ supported decision - making” model. This is followed by a qualitative study on how the intervention of professional social workers can limit the traditional parental power over a person with mental disability and thereby realize theself - determination of the clients and their autonomy. The paper thus argues that the promotion of social workers’ intervention can be regarded as a measure of implementing the CRPD stipulations on autonomy in China before the reform of the adult guardianship system has been completed. A number of suggestions on relevant research and policies are provided in the last part.

　　Key words: Persons with Psycho-social Disabilities; Supported Decision Making; Self-determination of the Client; Parental Authority

 

　　九、中国智力障碍者生育权的保护与限制研究

　　钱锦宇 任   璐

　　摘要：生育权是人作为人所固然享有的权利。尽管智力障碍者是一个特殊弱势群体，但他们仍然能够成为生育权的正当享有主体。中国智力障碍者生育权保障制度的法律建构，必须体现基于有效知情的自主选择原则和符合智力障碍者最大利益的原则。中国智力障碍者生育权保障制度的建构应当包括：生育权入宪，加强部门法对生育权的保护，加强相关法制宣传以及强化法律的正当程序控制。

　　关键词：生育权  智力障碍者  绝育  正当程序

　　Research on the Protection and Restraint of the Reproductive Right of Persons with Mental Disabilities in China

　　Qian Jinyu  Ren Lu

　　Abstract: Reproductive right is the inherent right of every person, including people with mental disabilities. This paper examines the attitudes and arguments among law students towards this rights for people with mental disabilities through questionnaires. In order to construct a legal system for the protection of the reproductive rights of the people with mental disabilities in China in line with the international standards set forth in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, two principles should be emphasized, informed choice and the pursuit of the best interests of the people with mental disabilities. Four legal measures should be taken, including incorporating the right to reproduction of people with mental disabilities into constitution and other domestic legislation, enhance the legal popularization, and establish procedures for claiming these rights.

　　Key words:Reproductive Right; People with Mental Disabilities; Sterilization; Procedures

 

　　十、心智障碍者家庭权利体系研究：以自闭症家庭为例

　　陆奇斌 张   强   付   愈

　　摘要：个体的心智障碍不仅仅给个体带来不便，也导致整个家庭出现障碍，我们不仅要消除个体障碍，更要消除家庭的障碍。有别于以往心智障碍者人权保障研究集中在个体层面，本文以家庭为研究对象，探索心智障碍家庭的权利保护体系。研究揭示了自闭症者与自闭症家庭特殊的生命周期，并提出了基于需求层次与家庭抗逆力的“家庭存续权”“家庭获助权”“家庭公正权”“家庭自由权”“家庭发展权”家庭权利保护体系，为心智障碍者的权利保障研究提供参考。

　　关键词：家庭权利  人权  心智障碍  自闭症

　　Research on the Rights of Family with Members with Mental Disabilities: A Case Study of the Families with Autism Members

　　Lu Qibin, Zhang Qiang, Fu Yu

　　Abstract: Families in which someone suffers form mental disabilities face a number of challenges in terms of financial burdens and social discrimination. There are very few educational and employment opportunities for autistic people, and this impacts greatly on their family members as well as the individual. In the past, research on the rights of mentally disabled people has only focused on the individual, without taking the challenges of the family as a whole into consideration. This paper is based on a long term sociological observation and interviews of 11 families with an autistic family member, to explore appropriate mode of the right protection for families of mentally disabled people.

　　Key words: Family Right, Human Right, Mental Disability, Autism

 

　　十一、试论残障人的性权利

　　田  阳

　　摘要：残障人的性权利应当是残障人研究的重要组成部分。本文结合《残疾人权利公约》中对残障人性健康的相关规定，对性权利进行了界定，强调性和生育的区别和联系。残障人和非残障人的性行为方式存在一定的不同，但大部分残障人都可以完成性行为，然而在社会环境中存在各种障碍。本文结合实例探索了残障人性权利的概念，反思了相关研究方法，并提出相应的对策建议。

　　关键词：残障人  性权利  性行为

　　On the Sexual Rights of Persons with Disabilities

　　Tian Yang

　　Abstract: The sexual rights of persons with disabilities, usually excluded from the public discourse, ought to be a part of mainstream disability research. This paper defines sexuality and sexual rights based on the related statements in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Although the majority of persons with disabilities are physically able to have a sexual life, they are facing plenty of social prejudices and obstacles in this regard. Through interviews, this paper explores the concept of sexual rights of persons with disabilities, reflects the sociological methods such as interview to study this issue and makes some recommendations as to how the sexual rights of persons with disabilities can be better protected in China.

　　Key words: Persons with Disabilities; Sexual Rights; Sexual Behavior

 

　　十二、脊髓损伤者生育权利现状调查研究

　　张金明 刘根林  高宇辰  陈素文

　　摘要：本文基于对17名成年未生育子女的脊髓损伤者的经验研究，了解其生育愿望、影响因素与生育服务现状，探讨解决脊髓损伤者生育困难的方法和措施。脊髓损伤者生育愿望普遍而迫切，而社会对此问题关注不够、认识不足、服务缺失。本文建议从改善环境、提高认识、普及知识、专业培训、建立制度等方面对脊髓损伤者提供专业化服务，解决其生育困难，保障其生育权。

　　关键词：脊髓损伤者  生育权  社会服务

　　Research on the Rights to Reproduction of Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries

　　Zhang Jinming etc.

　　Abstract:This study explores the factors and related services influencing the chance for the persons with spinal cord injuries(SCI)to have children, which is an equal right for them stated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,but denied in practice due to the lack of rights awareness, medical knowledge and institutional support. 17 persons with SCI aged above 18 and who had not yet had children were interviewed as part of this sociological research.It was found that while the great majority of the persons with SCI wish to bear their own children, however, they are not sure about their ability nor their rights to do so as no necessary information or consultation is provided. A special rehabilitative in situation is also greatly needed by this people. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the social environment, disseminate knowledge and establish institutions to provide professional services to eliminate the barriers and protect the reproduction rights of persons with SCI.

　　Key words: Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries, Reproduction Rights, Social Service

 

　　十三、女权与残障：基于身份政治的思考与观察

　　陈亚亚

　　摘要：本文通过文献分析、访谈和网络在线观察等方式，考察残障女性的生存状态、身份认同，同时调查女权主义者对残障议题的认识以及残障运动者对女权主义者的认识，并探讨这两者之间的关联度。

　　关键词：残障女性  女权  身份政治

　　Feminism and Disability: Reflections and Observations on the Basis of Identity Politics

　　Chen Yaya

　　Abstract:This paper reflects on the lives and self-identity of women with disabilities through sociological methods including interview, online websites and chat groups and literature reviews. The specific rights problems caused by the intersectionality of being female and disabled are depicted and analyzed. To address the double discrimination and oppression suffered by women with disabilities, efforts of feminism and disability rights movement shall be combined. This paper reviews the mutual perception between feminists and those people who are working for the disability rights and finds that they both agree it is important to integrate the two perspectives but cannot find feasible approaches in practice. It is then suggested that the feminist movement should expand its agenda to rural area and covering the disabilities issues,while the disability research and advocacy shall pay more attention to the experience of women with disabilities and women working for person with disabilities.

　　Key words: Women with Disabilities; Feminism; Identity Politics

 

　　十四、因爱之名，以医之义?

　　从权利角度看精神病院住院女性的体验

　　马志莹

　　摘要：本研究用非结构访谈的方式探索精神病院住院女性的体验，了解她们的权利状况和影响因素。住院女性往往体验到家属以爱与保护为名义，用医药监控、束缚其行为，尤其是当家庭矛盾纠纷较多或女性在家中地位较低时。住院女性感受到的自由权、婚育权、健康权的被剥夺是家庭和精神医学联手规训的产物。为改变家庭-机构圈所带来的失权现象，需要把精神医疗中的替代性决策转变为支持性决策，在家庭和封闭式机构之外寻找新的照料方式，也需要我们反思爱与健康的含义。

　　关键词：残疾人权利  精神疾病住院女性  家庭  性别关系  医学模型

　　In the Name of Love and Medicine?

　　Understanding the Experience of Female Psychiatric Inpatients from the Perspective of Rights

　　Ma Zhiying

　　Abstract: This study examined the experience of Chinese female psychiatric inpatients with unstructured interview, in order to understand the situation of their rights and the factors that shaped it. As the results indicate, the female inpatients often experienced that their families used biomedicine to monitor and control their behavior in the name of love and health.Since the side effects of anti-psychotics and the eugenic discourse together produced a dangerous “mother”, thus in a country where women were “naturalized” as baby-making machines, the reproductive rights of the female inpatients was often jeopardized.Besides, in order to reduce the burden of care,it was not rare for the families to hospitalize the persons with psycho-social for the rest of their life,which made the inpatients feel abandoned and fearful. I argue that the female inpatients felt deprivation of their rights to freedom, reproduction, and health came from the families and biomedicine’s joint discipline. In order to find a way out of the family-institution circuit of control, we need to change psychiatry’s substitute decision-making into supportive decision-making, to find new ways of care beyond the family and the total institution, and to reflect upon the meanings of love and health.

　　Keywords: Rights of Persons with Disabilities; Female Psychiatric Inpatients; Family; Gender Relations; Medical Model

 

　　十五、残障人社会公益组织建设与发展研究

　　梅运彬 王国英

　　摘要：残疾人社会公益组织是我国社会组织的有机组成部分之一，在残疾人社会公益慈善事业中发挥着重要作用。残疾人社会公益组织是随着我国残疾观的转变和社会公益事业的兴起而发展起来的。残疾人事业发展的社会氛围和制度氛围形成了残疾人社会公益组织发展的良好社会环境。但是，残疾人社会公益组织的发展也面临着定位尴尬、信任危机、利益偏好、社会条件制约等现实困境。通过对残疾人社会公益组织的考察，可以发现其发展呈现本地化、社区化、组织化、专业化的发展趋势，组织的发展应因地制宜、因人而异地选择合适的发展模式。

　　关键词：公民社会  残疾人社会公益组织  组织发展趋势

　　Research on the Disabled People’s Organizations and Their Development in China

　　Mei Yunbin, Wang Guoying

　　Abstract: Disabled People’s Organization (DPO) are an essential part of NGOs in China, often providing welfare services for persons with disabilities, which is an essential supplement for the government. Through the case study and interviews of a grassroots DPO, this paper finds that DPOs develop with the change of public attitude towards disability and the rise of social charity. However, to fulfill their function of serving local persons with disabilities, DPOs shall be supported with more political space and built capacity to engage with local communities. The challenges for the further development of DPOs lie in their informal status, lack of social trust, bias of interest and limitations of the social environment. Through the case study of DPOs, it is found that they will be localized, community based, well organized and more specialized in the next phase of development.

　　Key words:Civil Society, Disabled People’s Organization, Development Tendency

 

　　十六、从儿童福利机构的功能演变看如何保障残障儿童权利

　　陶书毅

　　摘要：本文以W市儿童福利院为个案，描述了它从一所传统育婴堂逐步发展到今天的现代化儿童福利院的全部历程，其定位逐步由单一的儿童救助养护机构转变为当代儿童福利资源中心，其服务功能逐步由补缺型福利服务转变为适度普惠型福利服务，其服务理念与内容也已逐步由基本生活救助转变为以儿童为中心的多样化、社会化服务。其间，政府主导、机构实施、社会参与共同使得残障儿童的各项权利得到了相应发展。最后，本文建议儿童福利机构在向当代儿童福利资源中心转变的进程中，进一步促进服务对象的参与权及发展权的实现。

　　关键词：残障儿童  福利机构  权利视角

　　How to Protect the Rights of Children with Disabilities：A Study on the Functional Evolution of Child Welfare Agencies in China

　　Tao Shuyi

　　Abstract:This is a case study based on historical documents and statistics of a children’s welfare center in city W which was supposed to protect the rights of children with disabilities but not equipped to deal with its tasks. It describes the development process of the Center from 1924 until today. Its position has changed gradually from children support center into current children welfare resource center; its service has changed from residual welfare into universal-type social welfare; its service concept and content has changed from basic living relief into children-oriented diversified and socialized service. During the process, the development and realization of disabled children’s rights are achieved with the leading role of government, implementation of institutions, and participation of social. It is then suggested that all the children welfare resource centers should enhance the participation and development of children during the similar reform process.

　　Key words: Children with disabilities, Welfare Agencies, Rights Perspective

 

　　十七、视障者对受版权保护作品的获得权———WIPO《为视障者获得已出版作品提供便利的马拉喀什条约》评析

　　陶  月   冯洁菡

　　摘要：全世界有超过314亿盲人和视力障碍者，而在全世界每年出版的100万册图书中，仅有5%的书能为全世界的盲人、视障者或其他阅读障碍者所获取。比重如此悬殊的原因是在世界范围内，为便利视障者和阅读障碍者获取书籍而建立版权限制与例外规则的国家很少。因此亟须建立一项更加适应当前技术发展并且更加灵活的版权制度，为视障者扫清获取书籍的障碍。经过多年的协商与坚持不懈的努力，2013年6月，世界知识产权组织(WIPO)在摩洛哥召开了一次高水平的外交会议，达成了《为视障者获得已出版作品提供便利的马拉喀什条约》。本文将首先介绍当前国际环境下视障者享有的权利及存在的问题，进而对WIPO下进行的相关协商进行分析，最后结合我国目前视障者权利保护的现状对我国立法提出相关建议。

　　关键词：视障者  人权  版权  限制与例外

　　On the Rights of Visually Impaired Persons to Copyrighted Books

　　Tao Yue  Feng Jiehan

　　Abstract:There are almost 314 million visually impaired persons in the whole world. But among all the 1million books that are published each year, only 5% of them can be accessed by people with visual impairment due to the strict regulations of copyrights. Only a few countries have established a system of limitations and exceptions on copyright to facilitate access to resources for the visually impaired . So a more flexible copyright system is necessarily to reduce the barriers faced by visually impaired persons to copyrighted books. With years of negotiations and efforts, the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO) held a high-level Diplomatic Conference in June 2013 and has reached a treaty. This article introduces the rights of visually impaired persons under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, then analyzes the process of negotiation at WIPO to improve access to copyrighted book, and ends with an assessment of the current situation of protecting the rights of visually impaired in China and some recommendations on how the present relevant legislation can be improved.

　　Key words：Visually Impaired Persons; Human Rights; Copyright; Limitations and Exceptions

 

　　十八、残障者法律援助机制创新探究：

　　对“中央专项彩票公益金法律援助项目”的实证分析

　　李  敬

　　摘要：中国法律援助基金会组织实施的彩票公益金法律援助项目包括残障法律援助，本文将其放在整个残障法律服务政策与实践的背景中，对彩票公益金法律援助项目制管理方式的运作特点进行了初步分析、总结。笔者认为，在残障者法律援助服务领域中制度缺失、管理机制不畅、实践中配套保障措施不到位等诸多挑战下，通过彩票公益金法律援助项目制管理方式可在切实维护残障者无障碍获得优质法律援助服务的同时，探索多元法律援助管理与服务，提供主体的有机协调与合作机制形成的可能性。彩票公益金法律援助项目制管理方式创新了残障者法律援助与法律服务管理、运行与服务体系、机制与网络等内容，形成了符合新时代要求的残障者法律援助管理与服务新体系。

　　关键词：残障者  彩票公益金  法律援助项目

　　On the New Legal Aid Mechanism for Persons with Disabilities: A Case Study of the Legal Aid Project of the Central Lottery’s Public Welfare Fund

　　Li Jing

　　Abstract: This paper describes the legal aid project supported by the “Central lottery public interest fund”, which is the income received by the central government from all sorts of welfare lotteries and should be spent on public welfare issues. This project benefits five categories of vulnerable groups, including person with disabilities, as it directly delivers subsidies to lawyers and paralegals who provide free legal aid service and requires a certain proportion cases on disabilities. The program is administrated by an independent public foundation, the China Legal Aid Foundation. It is usually commented that the legal aid in China is lacking of resources and poorly supplied to disadvantaged groups. This new legal aid project, however, has demonstrated through statistics of successful cases and beneficiaries that it could coordinate the multi-stakeholders and mobilize the resources to help persons with disabilities to get qualify legal services. This legal aid project has also explored some new approaches for the legal aid management system fitting for persons with disabilities such as lower the threshold of means test to take cases foe them and raise the awareness of decision makers to meet the needs for justice among persons with disabilities.

　　Key words: Person with Disabilities; Central Lottery Public Interest Fund; Legal Aid Project

 

　　十九、论工伤保险先行支付制度———基于因工致残农民工权利保障的视角

　　周  超

　　摘要：2011年7月1日施行的《社会保险法》创立了被称为具有里程碑意义的“先行支付制度”。很多人认为这一制度消除了因工致残农民工的维权障碍。在执行一年多时间后，该制度却在多个地方遭遇了“落实不畅”的困局。本文指出该制度实施不畅的主要原因在于其本身设计的困境。工伤保险先行支付制度的立法本着让非正规就业劳动者受到伤害后仍能获得社会保障的好意，但要真正执行，必须有政府的强力介入，承担应有的社会救济责任，同时要让维权农民工摆脱现有工伤认定制度的束缚。

　　关键词：因公致残  工伤保险  先行支付  农民工

　　On the Advance Payment of the Employment Injury Insurance System: A Perspective: From the Perspective of Rights Protection of Disabled Migrant Workers

　　Zhou Chao

　　Abstract: The Social Insurance Law came into force in China in 2011 and established the “advance payment system” in order to solve the problem of late and unsatisfactory compensation for workers suffering employment injury. The new law requires the social insurance fund to pay workers appropriate compensation in advance of a labor dispute resolution even in cases where the employer did not by the insurance.Since all employers are required by law to take out insurance, their lack of compliance with the law should not lead to injured workers losing their compensation. Many people think this system eliminates the obstacles for workers, who are mainly migrants working in the informal sector, to realize their rights when suffering injury. However, data from a report of labor NGO and other public media show that the system has been poorly implemented and that it does not in fact help injured workers to claim rightful compensation. The legal and sociological study of this paper concludes that the new regulation will not be realized without government enforcement and effective remedies.

　　Key words: Employment Injury Insurance; Advance Payment; Migrant Workers

 

　　二十、一部新人权词典的建立：《残疾人权利公约》

　　Amita Dhanda

　　陈芳芳 译

　　摘要：本文对新千年以来首个人权文件——《残疾人权利公约》进行了分析。该公约确立了理解残障人权利的新理念、新词语。公约还强调了人权诸多内容的不可分割性，实现人权过程中反歧视、共同参与等原则的重要性，以及国家履行义务的更高标准。这些新的权利概念与重申的人权法原则，为走出长期存在的人权实践困境提供了新的见解。

　　关键词:残障人  人权  自治  不可分性  参与

　　Constructing a New Human Rights Lexicon: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

　　Amita Dhanda,

　　Translated by Chen Fangfang

　　Abstract:This paper reviews the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which is the first human rights document in the new millennium. This convention has established new ideas and vocabulary for understanding the rights of persons with disabilities. It also emphasizes the inalienability of human rights and the essential principles such as equality, anti - discrimination and public participation. It is open to higher standards for party states to fulfill their obligations. These new concepts and reclaimed principles of human rights law have provided new insights for solving the long standing problems in human rights practice.

　　Key words:Persons with Disabilities; Human Rights; Autonomy; Inalien-ability; Participation

 

　　二十一、Public Interest Litigation: A New Strategy to Protect the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in China

　　Zhang Wanhong, Huang Zhong

　　Abstract:This paper examines three influential public interest litigation cases between persons with disabilities and the public service departments. The case study indicates that even with limitations, the network among public interest lawyers, media, scholars and agents of disadvantaged groups has gradually taken shape. Communication and mutual support among the network members may organize the sporadic and inconsistent cases the occur in different places into a coordinated public interest law movement with well-defined objectives.

　　Key words: Public Interest Litigation; Persons with Disabilities; Accessibility Rights