《残疾人权利公约》履约：

中国的实践和经验

张万洪  刘逸君

摘要：用《残疾人权利公约》的理念和要求审视中国的履约实践，可以总结出中国的履约经验：在残障模式方面，中国处于从残障医学模式向残障社会模式的转型阶段。在反歧视和合理便利领域，中国确立了“禁止基于残疾的歧视”的原则，但缺乏对歧视的具体规定，并有待将高考合理便利的成功经验广泛运用。在法律面前获得平等承认方面，中国改善了替代决策的问题，并在协助决策上有所起步。在教育领域，中国大力发展特殊教育，开始关注融合教育，积极提升残障儿童的入学率。在工作和就业领域，中国完善按比例就业制度，开始探索支持性就业。

关键词：《残疾人权利公约》  中国  残障

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Practice and Experience in China

Zhang Wanhong  Liu Yijun

Abstract: By reviewing China’s practice through the lenses of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the essay summarizes China’s experience in performing the convention in the following ways: In terms of the disability model, China is transforming from a medical model to a social model. As for anti discrimination and reasonable accommodation, China has established the principle of “prohibition on discrimination against disability”, however, specific regulations on discrimination are still lacking; and the successful experience of reasonable accommodation in National College Entrance Examination needs to greatly expand. Besides, to promote equal recognition before the law, China has been addressing the issue of alternative decision making and has fostered assistant decision making. In education, China highlights the development of special education, and has started to focus on inclusive education actively increasing the enrollment rate of children with disabilities. Finally, regarding disability employment, China has improved the proportional employment system and begins to explore supported employment.

Keywords: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; China; Disability

 

残障人士家庭暴力人身安全

保护令数据统计分析报告

刘佳佳

摘要：《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》实施四年以来，在已公开的人身安全保护令裁定书中，与残障人士相关的人身安全保护令裁定书为17份。我们针对17宗有效案例从案由、申请人性别、申请人与被申请人关系、申请人残障类型、家暴与残障关系、报警次数、是否取得公安机关告诫书、家暴证据类型、裁定结果、裁定措施十个方面进行具体统计分析，发现残障人士在申请人身安全保护令方面形势较为严峻，需要更多残障与家庭暴力的交叉研究。

关键词：残障  家庭暴力  人身安全保护令

Statistics Analysis Report on the Data of the Personal Safety Protection Order of Persons with Disabilities

in Domestic Violence

Liu Jiajia

Abstract: Since four year implementation of the Anti Domestic Violence Law of the People’s Republic of China, there have been 17 public personal safety protection order rulings related to persons with disabilities. Based on 17 valid cases, a statistics analysis of the causes of action, the gender of the applicant, the relationship between the applicant and the respondent, the type of disability of the applicant, the relationship between domestic violence and disability, the number of alarms, the public security warning letter, the type of domestic violence evidence, ruling results, and ruling measures is made. It is found that persons with disabilities face problems in applying the personal safety protection order. More cross research on disability and domestic violence is needed.

Keywords: Disability; Domestic Violence; Personal Safety Protection Order

 

环境正义视角下的无障碍环境权研究

姚天冲  周自达

摘要：无障碍环境权是为残障群体等广义主体在社会生活的各方面提供物质设施、信息数据、公共服务等便利，使残障群体能够更好地融入社会生活而享有健康、舒适环境的权利。无障碍环境权作为一项应然权利，在保障残障群体独立地、无障碍地生活在社会环境中发挥着突出的作用。环境正义理论旨在解决社会生活中的公平、正义问题，将环境正义理论运用于残障群体的权利保障领域，既夯实了无障碍环境权作为应然权利的理论基础，又解决了无障碍环境权成为法定权利的现实困境。因此，可通过环境正义理论的人权化和环境权化来实现残障群体的再生权利保障。

关键词：环境正义  无障碍环境权  人权  权利属性

Research on the Right to an Accessible Environment

from the Perspective of Environmental Justice

Yao Tianchong  Zhou Zida

Abstract: The right to an accessible environment is to provide material facilities, information data, public services and other conveniences for persons with disabilities and other broad subjects in all aspects of social life, enable persons with disabilities to better integrate into social life and enjoy the right to a healthy and comfortable environment. As a due right, the right to an accessible environment plays an important role in guaranteeing the independent and accessible life of persons with disabilities. The theory of environmental justice aims to solve the problems of fairness and justice in social life. The application of the theory of environmental justice in the field of protecting the rights of persons with disabilities consolidates the theoretical foundation of the right to an accessible environment as the due right, and solves the practical predicament that the right to an accessible environment becomes the legal right. Therefore, we can realize the protection of right to regeneration for persons with disabilities through the human rights and environmental right of the environmental justice theory.

Keywords: Environmental Justice; Right to an Accessible Environment; Human Rights; Right Attribute

 

残障人无障碍生活法律保障的逻辑与反思

李群弟

摘要：对于残障人而言，无障碍生活意味着一种利益，应受到法律保护，将其确认为残障人的特殊权益。而法律保障社会弱势群体不仅是法律文明的标志，也是良法的价值取向，更符合法律正义的基本要义。立足于保护与救济社会弱势群体的历史方位和保障人权的呼声日益高涨的时代坐标下，通过法律保障残障人无障碍生活权益是确保残障人平等融入社会生活、追求美好生活的重要法律依据和前提保证。为切实保障残障人无障碍生活权益，需要紧紧围绕法律保护和观念认同展开，核心问题应该是在强化制度保障、确认残障人无障碍生活权益，畅通残障人具体权利救济途径、减少救济成本；构建尊重认同的共识机制、提升残障人权利意识等方面寻求努力。

关键词：残障人  无障碍生活  生成逻辑  法律保障

Logic and Reflection on Legal Guarantee

of Accessible Life for Persons with Disabilities

Li Qundi

Abstract: For persons with disabilities, accessible life means a kind of interest, which should be protected by law and recognized as the special rights and interests of persons with disabilities. Legal protection of social vulnerable group is not only the symbol of legal civilization, but also the value orientation of good law, which is more in line with the basic meaning of legal justice. Based on the historical position of protecting and relieving the social vulnerable groups and the increasing voice of protecting human rights, legal protection of rights and interests of persons with disabilities in accessible life is an important legal basis and premise to guarantee the equal inclusion into social life and the pursuit of a better life for persons with disabilities. In order to effectively protect the rights and interests of persons with disabilities, we need to focus on legal protection and concept identification. And the core issues should be to strengthen system protection confirm the rights and interests of accessible life for persons with disabilities, unblock the specific rights relief channels of persons with disabilities, reduce relief costs, build a consensus mechanism of respect and identification, and raise awareness of rights of persons with disabilities.

Keywords: Persons with Disabilities; Accessible Life; the Generative Logic; Legal Guarantee

 

立于“缝·隙”之中：一所技职院校无障碍环境改善路径的反思

王勇智  帅宗琪

摘要：以学校无障碍环境改善为主题，透过行动研究中对行动反映的概念，深化提炼这一路径知识背后所蕴含的实践智能，以“缝·隙”作为隐喻的视角，比喻工作团队所发展出来的方法与策略，并区分为三个发展层次：第一，行动开始必须先有立于“缝隙”的机会，少子化给出重要的立基点；第二，要想方设法地开掘“缝·隙”，在工作实务中见缝插针，并企图找到可以穿透细缝的方法；第三，寻“隙”前进的设计动能是行动发展的重要核心，工作者的主体动能会在体制中的规训制约下，体现其抗拒性自主的珍贵价值，无障碍环境的改善方能在这种条件的学校中落地实现。

关键词：行动研究  融合教育  无障碍环境

Standing in the “Gap”: Reflections on the Path to Improving the Accessibility of a Vocational College

Wang Yongzhi  Shuai Zongqi

Abstract: Focusing on the improvement of accessible environment in schools, through the concept of action reflected in action research, the practical wisdom is abstracted. The word “gap” is used as a metaphorical expression to compare the methods and strategies developed by the work team and divide them into three levels. First, the action must have an opportunity to stand in the“gap”. Low fertility gives an important starting point. Second, to dig the “gap” in work practice and try to find a way to penetrate the “gap”. Third, looking for the “gap” is the core of action development. The subject’s initiative will reflect the precious value of resistance and autonomy under the constraints of discipline in the system. Thus, improvements in accessibility can only be achieved in schools of this condition.

Keywords: Action Research; Inclusive Education; Accessible Environment

 

我国残障者按比例就业制度的

异化及优化方向

李学会

摘要：按比例就业制度是扩展残障者就业机会的重要途径。我国的残障者就业政策经历了从集中就业到分散就业的过程，按比例就业成为城镇残障者就业主流形式之一。依据用人单位按比例安排残障者就业公示公开数据，探索性评估按比例就业制度的实际效果。研究发现，按比例就业制度效果有限，该制度实践异化为用人单位“重缴纳轻吸纳”“虚假就业”，政策主体“重征缴轻服务”。残障者就业的政府责任应从增加就业机会向就业场所支援服务转变，并优化按比例就业制度。

关键词：按比例就业制度  异化  就业权  就业支持

The Alienation and Optimization of the Proportional Employment System for Persons with Disabilities in China

Li Xuehui

Abstract: The proportional employment system is an important way to expand employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. China’s employment policy for persons with disabilities has gone through the process from centralized employment to decentralized employment, and proportional employment has become one of the mainstream forms of employment of persons with disabilities in urban areas. This study evaluates the actual effectiveness of the proportional employment system based on public data from employing units. It turns out that the effectiveness of the proportional employment system is limited. The practice is alienated into the reality that employing units choose fines rather than employment, and fake the employment, and the policy subject pays attention to fines rather than employment services. The government’s responsibility should shift from increasing employment opportunities to offering supportive services in the workplace and optimizing the proportional employment system.

Keywords: Proportional Employment System; Alienation; Employment Rights; Employment Support

 

生态系统视角下残障者就业

支持体系的不足与完善

张倩昕  卓彩琴

摘要：运用生态系统理论分析残障者现有就业支持体系的局限：微观系统呈现各主体对残障者的职业胜任力认知和支持不足的特点；中观系统呈现支持性政策缺乏系统协同性且执行力低的特点；宏观系统呈现法律法规不够完善、社会文化充满偏见和歧视的特点。结合各类残障者的实际需求与当前支持的不足，基于生态系统理论发展更完善的就业支持体系：微观系统应以残障者胜任力提升为重点，多元主体协同支持；中观系统残联应充分发挥枢纽作用协助政府制定更完善的系列政策；宏观系统应创建更科学合理的法律法规和公平包容的社会文化。

关键词：残障者  就业  支持体系  生态系统  就业政策

The Limitations and Perfection of the Employment

Support System for Persons with Disabilities

from an Ecosystem Perspective

Zhang Qianxin  Zhuo Caiqin

Abstract: This study analyzes the limitations of the current employment support system for persons with disabilities using ecosystem theory. At the micro level, each subject reflects limited cognition of the professional competence of persons with disabilities and a lack of support. At the meso level, supportive policies lack in systematic synergy and are ill executed. In the macro level, laws and regulations need to be perfected and social culture is full of prejudice and discrimination. This study takes into account both the actual needs of persons with disabilities and the current deficiencies of support and proposes three ways to help develop a more refined employment support system based on ecosystem theory: The micro system should focus on improving the competency of persons with disabilities and the multi subjects should cooperate to support the goal. In the meso system, disabled persons’ federations should play a vital role in assisting the government in formulating more comprehensive policies. In the macro system, more scientific and reasonable laws and regulations and a fair and inclusive social culture should be created and built.

Keywords: Persons with Disabilities; Employment Supportive System; Ecosystem; Employment System

 

 

正式制度与生活实践逻辑

 

——社会模式视角下上海青年残障者就业问题初探

孙依婷

摘要：基于社会模式视角，采用半结构访谈，辅以ATLAS. ti80进行定性资料分析。试图诠释上海地区青年残障者就业过程中，遭遇的歧视、排斥、不平等、不公正等问题、研究发现，支持青年残障者就业的正式制度逐渐增多，但却未能有效缓解生活实践逻辑污名化、无能化残障者的倾向。相反，生活逻辑可以通过自主援引、解释、改写、曲解等方式，消解正式制度所产生的作用。对此，残障青年在微观层面上，对否定型生活实践逻辑展开了具有主体能动性的应对与反叛，但却难以颠覆结构性的社会建构。

关键词：社会模式   残障   就业

Formal System and the Logic of Life Practice

—A Preliminary Study on Employment of Young Persons with Disabilities in Shanghai from the Perspective of Social Model

Sun Yiting

Abstract: Viewing from a social model this paper adopts the research method of semi structured interviews supplemented by ATLAS. ti8.0 to conduct qualitative data analysis. It attempts to explain the problems of employment discrimination exclusion inequality and injustice encountered by young persons with disabilities in Shanghai. The study finds that formal systems supporting the employment of young persons with disabilities have been gradually increasing, but the systems are not able to alleviate the tendency of persons with disabilities being stigmatized and incapacitated in the logic of life practice. On the contrary, the logic of life practice can impair the effects of the formal system by independent citing, explaining, rewriting, and misinterpreting. In response to this, young persons with disabilities have conducted subjective responses and rebellions, but it is hard to subvert the structural social construction.

Keywords: Social Model; Disability; Employment

 

从鄢成事件看我国监护制度的不足与完善

范晓红  黄家声

摘要：我国《民法总则》虽然规定了不同的监护形式，但在被监护人的保护方面仍显不足。不同的监护人确认程序之间的衔接一旦出现立法漏洞或实践障碍，对于被监护人就意味着生命健康权的伤害。疫情期间，少年鄢成因无人监护去世的悲剧引人深思。从鄢成案出发结合监护立法与实践现状，提出要明晰监护人确认程序、培育社会监护人、建立监护监督制度等合理建议。

关键词：监护人确认程序  不同监护的衔接  社会监护人培育

The Limitations and Perfection of the Guardianship

System in China through the Case of Yan Cheng

Fan Xiaohong  Huang Jiasheng

Abstract: Although there are different forms of guardianship in the General Principles of Civil Law in China, it is still insufficient in the protection of the ward. Once there are legislative loopholes or practical obstacles in the connection between different guardian confirmation procedures, it means harm to the right to life and health for the ward. During the epidemic period, the tragedy of young Yan Cheng’s death caused by the absence of guardianship is thought provoking. Based on Yan Cheng’s case, combined with the current situation of guardianship legislation and practice, some reasonable suggestions are raised such as clarifying the procedure of guardianship confirmation, cultivating social guardians, and establishing guardianship supervision system.

Keywords: Guardian Confirmation Procedure; Connection of Different Guardianship; Social Guardian Cultivation

 

 

残障女性需求状况调查报告

 

任真真  彭玉娇

摘要：本报告以问卷调查及访谈的方式，调查了535名残障女性在生活处境、社群参与、社会交往、性别观念、就业等领域的基本情况及服务需求，指出残障女性社群面临社会支持不足、婚恋交友困难、生育保障不完善、就业环境不友好等方面的困境。通过案例呈现了残障女性面临的原生家庭和解困难、自我接纳困难、生活被骚扰、缺乏就业自信心、被公益活动吸引和改变等故事。报告提出推动针对残障女性的公益服务的建议，如构建社会支持网络，普及残健融合和性别平等意识，提升生育服务支持，促进就业服务支持，鼓励服务于残障女性项目的开放与专门助残组织的建立等。

关键词：残障女性  社群需求  助残公益活动

Survey Report on the Needs of Women with Disabilities

Ren Zhenzhen  Peng Yujiao

Abstract: The report uses questionnaires and interviews to investigate the basic situation and service needs of 535 women with disabilities in terms of their living situations, community participation, social interaction, gender perception, and employment. It points out that women with disabilities face problems such as insufficient social support difficulties of getting married and dating, lack of maternity protection and biased employment environment. The report also presents stories of women with disabilities where there are hardships in being reconciled with their original families and themselves, harassment in life, lack of confidence in the labor market, and those who are attracted and changed by public welfare activities. The report finally puts forward suggestions for promoting public welfare services for women with disabilities, such as building a social support network, promoting awareness of disability inclusion and gender equality, improving maternity service support, and developing employment services. Finally, the report encourages the opening of programs for women with disabilities and the establishment of specialized organizations to assist them.

Keywords: Women with Disabilities; Community Needs; Public Welfare Activities for Persons with Disabilities

 

发声和使能：残障妇女应对

家庭暴力的经历和启示

冯 媛

摘要：通过个别访谈和焦点组讨论，概述和分析残障妇女应对家庭暴力的经历和启示，发现残障妇女遭遇显性和隐形的家庭暴力，暴力存在于妇女的整个生命周期，家庭暴力的根源有着社会生态链，受暴妇女具有能动性。建议加强教育，赋权残障妇女，消除歧视、偏见和暴力；加强宣传，广而告之当事人的权利；加强问责，促进各责任方更好地履行法定职责；加强能力建设，识别和保障残障妇女的特殊需求；加强实施，实现《反家暴法》创设的多项制度的初心。

关键词：残障  妇女  家庭暴力  赋权

Voice and Empowerment: Experiences and Implications

of Women with Disabilities against Domestic Violence

Feng Yuan

Abstract: Through individual interviews and group discussions, this article summarizes and analyzes the experiences and implications of women with disabilities against domestic violence. It is found that women with disabilities are faced with both visible and invisible domestic violence. Violence can exist throughout the life of a woman. The root of domestic violence lies in the underlying social ecological chain, yet women who are victims of violence also have their initiative. The article then suggests strengthening education, empowering women with disabilities, eliminating discrimination prejudice and violence. What’s more, promote the publicity about the rights of women with disabilities, hold the responsible parties accountable so that they will better fulfill their statutory duties, and strengthen the capacity to identify and protect the special needs of women with disabilities. Finally, forward the implementation of Anti Domestic Violence Law to realize its original intention.

Keywords: Disability; Women; Domestic Violence; Empowerment

 

自由与障碍权利：依赖、独立与相互依赖

英加•波士塔  哈沃尔•哈尼斯

苏峰山译

摘要：人们日益关注障碍权利，就像我们在《身心障碍者权利公约》所看到的，这些关注也挑战了哲学意象。本文探索障碍者生命中依赖、独立与相互依赖的关系，试图扩展自由的哲学意象。本文主张：(1)传统自由观往往漠视人的差异性；(2)重障者生命挑战哲学家思维，以至于我们不只要从独立和相互依赖来建构自由的概念，也要从依赖来建构自由的概念。本文探讨黑格尔思想，克里斯提娃对障碍的研究，以及《身心障碍者权利公约》，在这些探索后，我们认为此时尚未能有一个统一的答案。因此我们认为面对障碍课题需有哲学谦怀。

关键词：《身心障碍者权利公约》  依赖  障碍  自由  相互依赖  克里斯提娃

Freedom and Disability Rights: Dependence, Independence and Interdependence

Inga Bostad  Halvor Hanisch

Translated by Su Fong San

Abstract: The increasing focus on disability rights—as found, for instance, in the U. N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) —challenges philosophical imaginaries. This article broadens the philosophical imaginary of freedom by exploring the relation of dependence independence and interdependence in the lives of persons with disabilities. It argues (1) that traditional concepts of freedom are rather insensitive to difference within humanity and (2) that the lives of persons with severe disabilities challenge philosophers to argue and conceptualize freedom not only as independence and interdependence but also as dependence. After tracing this need through a Hegelian understanding, via Julia Kristevas work on disability, and finally the CRPD, it concludes that a unified solution might not be possible. Hence, it argues that disability issues necessitate philosophical modesty.

Keywords: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; Dependence; Disability; Freedom; Interdependence; Julia Kristeva

 

传播信息：用电影分享有关瓦努阿图和巴布亚新几内亚残障儿童的研究成果和知识

埃琳娜•詹金  艾琳•威尔逊  马修•克拉克

罗伯特•坎彭  凯文•哈菲特

吴汶聪译

摘要：尽管国际社会对残障人士包容性发展的兴趣日益浓厚，残障人士依然在很大程度上“不被看见、不被听见和不被考虑”。尤其是残障儿童仍然被关于残障人士发展的研究排除在外，并且直接源自发展中国家的残障儿童的自我报告信息不足。这种对残障儿童的排除贯穿在研究的所有阶段，包括研究成果的获得为支持残障人士包容性发展和推动人权进步提供进一步的证据，当在这些国家进行儿童研究时，研究者必须审问研究成果将如何反馈给参与者及其社区，并且寻求一种既无障碍又与当地文化相关的方法。这篇论文报告了关于瓦努阿图和巴布亚新几内亚残障儿童人权的研究项目“太平洋残障儿童之声”，重点关注电影作为一种传播方法。项目研究者发展方法以提高被调查者——各种残障儿童的参与度，并且运用社区发展原则，依靠电影来传播研究结果，这种方法与参与者通过听觉、视觉讲述故事的传统产生共鸣。此媒介对当地和国际观众都是无障碍的。

关键词：儿童  残障包容性发展  研究  人权  电影  瓦努阿图  巴布亚新几内亚 太平洋岛屿

Spreading the Word: Using Film to Share Research Findings and Knowledge about Children with Disabilities in Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea

Elena Jenkin  Erin Wilson  Matthew Clarke  Robert Campain  and

Kevin Murfitt

Translated by Wu Wencong

Abstract: While there is increasing international interest in disability inclusive development, persons with disability largely remain “unseen unheard and uncounted”. Children with disability particularly remain excluded from research informing development, and there is a paucity of information that is drawn directly from the self report of children with disability living in developing countries. This exclusion occurs across all stages of research, including access to research findings. When child research is conducted in such countries, to gain further evidence to support disability inclusive development and advance human rights, researchers must question how findings will be reported back to participants and their communities, and seek a method that is both accessible and culturally relevant. This paper reports on the Voices of Pacific Children with Disability research project about the human rights of children with disability in Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea (PNG), and focuses on film as a dissemination method. Project researchers developed methods to enhance the participation of children with diverse disabilities as informants, and drew upon community development principles to disseminate research findings via film; a method that resonated with the aural and visual story telling traditions of participants. This medium also included accessibility features that have been utilised by local and international audiences.

Keywords: Children; Disability Inclusive Development; Research; Human Rights; Film; Vanuatu; Papua New Guinea; Pacific Islands

 

浅谈天宝·葛兰汀的成才之路

对支持性就业发展的启示

——观电影《自闭历程》有感

尤梦菲

摘要：中国大陆对于发展障碍人士的支持性就业不够普及，且就业形式单一，一些有一定学历和能力的高功能障碍者很难找到与自己才能相匹配的工作。美国畜牧科学家天宝·葛兰汀儿时被诊断为自闭症，并被医生建议送至慈善机构终生托养，天宝的妈妈并没有听从医生的建议，并且天宝一路上遇见了一些人充满创见的支持与帮助，最终取得杰出的成就。借鉴天宝·葛兰汀的成长故事，支持性就业应该侧重支持障碍人士创造实现自我价值。

关键词：支持性就业  发展障碍   天宝•葛兰汀

The Enlightenment of Temple Grandin’s Story

on Supported Employment Development

—Film Review on Temple Grandin

You Mengfei

Abstract: Supported employment for persons with developmental disabilities in mainland China is not universal enough, and employment forms are single. Some high function disabled persons with certain academic qualifications and abilities have difficulty finding jobs that match their talents. American animal husbandry scientist Temple Grandin was diagnosed with autism when she was a child and was recommended by a doctor to be sent to a charity center for life long care. Temple’s mother did not follow the doctor’s advice. Temple met with some people with innovative support and help to achieve outstanding results. Drawing on Temple Grandin’s story, supported employment should focus on supporting persons with disabilities to realize self value.

Keywords: Supported Employment; Developmental Disability; Temple•Grandin