一、我国法律和《残疾人权利公约》中残疾人“分类”的研究

田阳

摘要：本论文考察我国残疾人保障法和《残疾人权利公约》残疾人的“分类”。我国残疾人保障法上 “列举”各种残疾类型，但在实践中的“软法”一定程度上忽视了“其他残疾”这种残疾类型。《残疾人权利公约》中残疾人的定义是一种认识残疾的方式，而“分类”则是一个开放的范畴。这种区别的一个结果是残疾人的比例在我国和世界上的明显差距，其背后则反映出认识残疾的理念有所不同。我国法律要吸收《残疾人权利公约》定义残疾人的方式，残疾范围标准应当扩大。

关键词：《残疾人保障法》  《残疾人权利公约》  残疾的“分类”

 

Study on Classifications of Persons with Disabilities in Chinese Law and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Tian Yang 

Abstract: In China, classifications of persons with disabilities are enumerated in People with Disabilities Act of the Peoples Republic of China. But, in fact, OTHER DISABILITIES, which are named in People with Disabilities Act of the Peoples Republic of China, are ignored. The definition of persons with disabilities in Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is a special mode of realizing disability, while classifications of persons with disabilities in CRPD are not enumerated but to an open-up range. This difference not only gives an explanation on the distinguished range on the ratio of disabled persons in China and in the world, but also reflects that the modes of realizing disability are different. Based on CRPD, the Chinese standard of disability should be revised.

Keywords: People with Disabilities; Act of the Peoples Republic of China; CRPD; Classifications of Persons with Disabilities

 

二、对老、病、残隐喻的后现代批判——基于残障社会模式的反思

丁鹏

摘要：后现代批判，最重要的原则是消除二分法，摒弃本质主义，解构主流话语中各种概念或意象与“他者”（other）的对立。本文由此出发，检讨当前中文世界关于老、病、残的隐喻和联想，试图解构其背后共通的能力主义假定，由此反思残障的社会模式可能在建构残障平等话语的同时，也造成了对疾病、衰老作为“他者”的恐惧和歧视。但这种恐惧不应该成为论证残障平等议题的现成工具，而应该得到解构，以彻底显现出人的无限多样性与平等尊严。

关键词：残障  疾病  衰老  隐喻  解构

A Post-modern Critique of the Metaphor of Oldness, Illness and Disability: Reflection Based on the Social Model of Disability

Ding Peng

Abstract: One of the most important principles of post-modern critiques is to eliminate the dichotomy of things, get rid of essentialism, and deconstruct the opposition between the mainstreaming concept or images and the “other”. This paper, using the post-modern critique perspective, examines the metaphor and imagination on the oldness, illness and disability in the Chinese world and tries to deconstruct the common ableism assumptions underlying them. This paper reflects that the social model of disability causes the possible construction of fear to the “other” such as illness and oldness as it tries to establish a discourse of equality. This fear should not be used as a given convenient tool to justify the equality issues on disability. It should be deconstructed to completely reveal the infinite diversity and equal dignity of all human beings.

Keywords: Disability; Illness; Oldness; Metaphor; Deconstruction

 

三、残疾人托养作为社会基本福利制度研究

江传曾 杨玲

摘要：在建立完善社会保障体系的过程中，原有的五保供养制度、伤残军人优抚制度、残疾人救助办法已不能满足残疾人对社会保障的要求。当前，我国残联系统已经逐步开展了针对重度残疾人、智力残疾人、轻度精神残疾人的托养工作。本课题以福利经济学、劳动经济学、社会保障以及社会救助等相关理论为基础，研究残疾人托养纳入社会福利制度的额必要性和可行性，并在此基础上提出制度设计框架，将残疾人托养工程上升为国家基本福利制度，对于完善社会主义保障制度具有重要意义。

关键词：社会福利  残疾人  托养

Study on the System of Social Basic Welfare for Disabled People Entrustment Care

Jiang Chuanzeng  Yang Ling 

Abstract: In the process of establishing and improving the social security system, the original system of five guarantees for the maintenance of disabled soldiers, the system of special care for disabled soldiers and the method of assistance for disabled persons can no longer meet the requirements of social security for disabled persons. At present, the CDPF system in China has gradually carried out nursing work for persons with severe disabilities, persons with intellectual disabilities and persons with mild mental disabilities. Based on the theories of welfare economics, labor economics, social security and social assistance, this paper studies the necessity and feasibility of integrating the care of disabled people into the social welfare system, and puts forward a framework for the system design. The practical significance of the research on this topic is to promote the institutionalization and socialization of the care of the disabled by integrating the care of the disabled into the basic social welfare system.

Keywords: Social Welfare; Disabled; Entrustment Care 

 

四、家庭为本的残障社会服务与福利治理

——基于一个服务项目的实践和评估

李学会  李晶晶

摘要：福利传递过程中的多方参与是福利治理的内在要求，社会工作服务以其专业性越来越成为福利传递的重要途径。本文以一个以家庭为本的残障社会工作服务实践为基础，分析福利治理对于福利对象的改变，进而分析了福利治理的支持体系。社会工作服务实现福利传递的同时，应注重与其他机构主体的合作（资源链接者），也要善于促成某些福利治理中的环境改善（倡导者）。

关键词：福利治理  社会服务  家庭为本的实践

The Welfare Governance and Family-Oriented Social Service for Persons with Disabilities Based on the Practice and Assessments of a Service Programme

Li Xuehui  Li Jingjing

Abstract: Multiple participation in the process of welfare transfer is the inherent requirement of welfare governance. Social work service is becoming an important way of welfare transmission. Based on the practice of a family-oriented disability social work service, this paper analyzes the change of welfare governance to welfare object, and then analyzes the support system of welfare governance. Social work services should be carried out at the same time, should focus on cooperation with other agencies (resource linkers), but also good at contributing to certain welfare governance in the environmental improvement (advocates).

Keywords: Welfare Governance; Social Service; Family-Based Practice

 

五、办案手记:轮椅使用者平等出行路在何方——吉祥航空拒载案述评

金希

摘要：随着社会经济的发展，近年来搭乘民航飞机出行已成为国人越来越普遍采用的交通方式。然而，残障旅客，特别是其中的轮椅使用者在单独乘机时被航空公司拒绝承运的事件却频频发生。尽管中国民航局于2015年便对《残疾人航空运输管理办法》进行了全面修订，规定了航空公司及残障旅客在航空运输过程中的权利和义务，但各航空公司也订有各自的特殊旅客承运归责。本案系《残疾人航空运输管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）修订以来第一起进入司法程序的轮椅旅客拒载案，国家法律规范与公司内部规程如何衔接，运输合同关系与侵权歧视关系如何取舍，追求个案公平与推动制度正义如何协调，都是我在代理本案过程中不断思考并将继续求索的问题。

关键词：残障  航空  案例

Case Notes: Equal Access to Travel Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities

—   Based on the Jixiang Airline Case

Jin Xi

Abstract: With the development of social economy, traveling by air has become a more and more popular mode of transportation for Chinese people in recent years. However, airlines often refuse passengers with disabilities, especially those wheelchair users when they travel alone. Although the Civil Aviation Administration of China has made a comprehensive revision to Measures for the Management of the Air Transport of the Disabled in 2015 which provides the rights and obligations of the airlines and the passengers with disabilities in air transport, airlines still have their own transport rules for special passengers. The case in this article is the first case of wheelchair users being refused to take the plane that entered the judicial procedure since the revision of Measures for the Management of the Air Transport of the Disabled. How to connect the national legal norms with the internal regulations of the company, how to make the choice between the relationship of transport contract and the relationship of infringement discrimination, and how to coordinate the pursuit of the fairness of a case and the promotion of system justice, those questions above are what I kept thinking about when I was acting this case, and I will continue seeking their answers. 

Keywords: Disabilities; Travel by Air; Case

 

六、银行业对视障人士服务情况的调查报告

王菁

摘要：近年来随着移动互联技术的进步，网购、网约车、外卖等行业迅速崛起。这些行业提供的服务能够切合视障人士的生活需求。有独立的银行账户，则是享受这些服务的基础。因此，视障群体对于金融服务的需求迅速增加。但是由于无障碍环境缺失、刻板印象根深蒂固、制度缺失等因素，近年来，视障人士办理银行业务时候遭遇歧视的事件屡屡发生。2016年11月，残障之声团队与一些视障社群做了一项“关于银行业对视障人士服务情况”的社会调查并撰写了调查报告。此调查用两种方式分别对银行和视障者进行调查，力求让社会和公众能够看到在银行业服务中视障者的障碍，让我们共同为消除这些障碍做出努力。

关键词：视障  银行  金融服务  调查报告

Report on the Survey of Banking Services for Visually Impaired People

Wang Jing

Abstract: In recent years, with the progress of mobile Internet technology, online shopping, Internet shopping, takeaway industry and other industries are rising rapidly. The services provided by these industries can meet the needs of visually impaired people. Having independent bank accounts is the basis for enjoying these services. Therefore, the demand for financial services of visually impaired groups has increased rapidly. However, due to the lack of barrier-free environment, deep-rooted stereotypes and lack of institutional factors, in recent years, the event of discrimination encountered by the visually impaired people in banking business has occurred repeatedly. In November 2016, the disabled voice team and a number of visually impaired communities made a social survey of "banking services for visually impaired people" and wrote an investigation report. This survey investigated banking and visually impaired people in two different ways. Through this survey, we try to make the community and the public able to see obstacles in the banking industry and let people work together to eliminate these obstacles.

     Keywords: Visually Impaired; Bank; Service; Survey; Report

 

七、全国制定教师资格体检标准参照依据调查报告

王丽

摘要：各种对残障者歧视的内容长期存在于我国各省教师资格认定体检规定中。可公开查阅的21个省份的教师资格体检标准中，对肢体残疾均有限制。虽然多个省市在体检标准具体细则上有过修订，但对肢体、视力、听力等限制性规定仍大面积保留，不少有意愿从教的残障人士因此被拒之门外。本次调查报告选取了大陆地区22个省、4个直辖市和5个自治区的共计31个省级教育行政主管部门作为调查对象，调查报告的内容是基于31次申请政府信息公开回复的内容整理而成。此次调查报告较为全面、真实地反映了教育行政部门在制定本辖区教师资格体检标准的参照法规以及立法思路。

关键词：教师资格  体检  调查报告

Investigation Report on the Reference Basis for the National Standard of Physical Examination of Teaching Qualification

Wang Li

Abstract: All kinds of discrimination against the disabled have long existed in physical examination standards of teaching qualification in all Chinese provinces. We have found that physical examination standards of teaching qualification in 21 provinces have limitation on physical disability. Although many provinces and cities have revised their specific rules and regulations of physical examination standards, they still retain large areas of restrictions on limbs, eyesight and hearing, and many disabled persons who are willing to teach are rejected. This investigation report selects 31 provincial administrative departments in charge of education from 22 provincial, 4 municipalities and 5 autonomous regions in mainland China as the investigation object and its content is based on 31 applications for government information disclosure. This investigation report reflects the reference basis and legislative theory of formulating physical examination standards of teaching qualification of administrative departments of education in a more comprehensive and real way.

Keywords: Teaching Qualification; Physical Examination; Investigation Report

 

 

八、浅析当代中国残障妇女——基于性别面临的挑战

彭玉娇

摘要：本文浅析中国残障妇女基于性别面临的挑战，从年龄段、地域、障碍类别、性别视角和人权视角来阐述现状。同时本文也简述服务和倡议方案的实践过程，研究和探索伤残女性主义的未来发展，以此促进社会性别和残障议题的共同发展。、

关键词：残障  性别  挑战

Challenges Based on Gender Faced by Women with Disabilities in China

Peng Yujiao

Abstract: This article analyzes the challenges based on gender faced by women with disabilities in China, and expounds the status quo from the perspective of age, region, type of disability, gender and human rights. At the same time, it also outlines the practical process of service and initiative programs, researches and explores the development of disability feminism, and promotes the common development of gender and disability issues.

Keywords: Disability; Gender; Challenge

 

 

九、开展建设性的残障研究——研究机构、政府和民间社会之间的新的交流关系

Rune Halvorsen     Bjørn Hvinden

黄 裔  译

摘要：本文集中讨论了在残障研究与政策发展之间建立建设性关系的条件，特别是民间社会组织能够以何种方式推动残障研究在决策过程中产生更大的作用。本文中所讨论的“残障研究”是指与残障有关的社会方面的研究：即社会科学、法律和人文领域的研究。研究的重点是残障者 “充分和切实地参与社会” 的机会。在本文中，我们首先将对残障研究与残障政策之间的关系进行分析；其次，我们举例，比较分析这种关系在英国和挪威是如何发展的；第三，在如何组织和思考残障研究与政策之间的关系方面，我们将讨论创新的必要性。

关键词：残障研究   残障政策  民间社会

Doing Constructive Disability Research–New Exchange Relationships between Research Institutes, Government and Civil Society

Rune HALVORSEN and Bjørn HVINDEN

Translated by Huang Yi

Abstract: This article focuses on the conditions for a constructive relationship between disability research and policy development, in particular how civil society organisations may contribute to making disability research more useful in the policy-making processes. When we refer to ‘disability research’, we have in mind that research is concerned with the social aspect of disability: i.e. research in the social sciences, law and the humanities that is focusing on the opportunities for the ‘full and effective participation’ of persons with disabilities in society. We first explain our analytic perspective on the relationship between disability research and disability policy. Second, we give some examples of how this relationship has developed in the UK and Norway. Third, we discuss the need for innovation in how we organise and think about the relationship between disability research and policy.

Keywords: Disability; Research; Policy; Civil Society